....The Coliseum

The Coliseum is a place to visit at least once in life.

Voted by 90 million people the Colosseum was on the list of the New Wonders of the World in response to the initiative launched in 2007 by B. Weber, evaluated by a panel of experts at whose head there was the former Director General of UNESCO, Federico Mayor Spanish.

A masterpiece of incomparable value, loved by the Romans and the world.

The Flavian Amphitheatre, named after the old stadium was built by Emperor Vespasian in the year 72 AD, but was only inaugurated by Titus in the year 80 after J.- C. It is found in the archeological center of Rome.

The Coliseum, whose name comes from a colossal statue, was the place where took place the shows and public games of ancient Rome.

Famous gladiatorial combats generally slaves or prisoners of war, who fought with ferocity and courage to win freedom. But here is also going on hunting parties of exotic species, fights between animals, games and acrobatics and performances of great battles. The games were held in arenas, inside the Colosseum, with very sophisticated set designs made possible by machines and stage tricks that, as in modern theaters, allowed to quickly change the "scene" with a system pulleys, elevators, and floor openings.

Spectacular were also the "naumachies", representatives show bloody naval battles in artificial ponds. The first naumachies were those of Julius Caesar who first proposed this unique form of entertainment, but it has Titus who organized them for the first time, inside the Coliseum arenas, artificially fed by a water system that enabled channel water inside and outside arenas.

The Colosseum was the place where they held public executions of criminals but was never the scene of massacres as Christians are told in some books and movies.

This imposing work is the best expression of the genius of the ancient Romans. Innovation compared to the Greek theater is in the structure "in the round" with the arena completely surrounded by the cave, able to accommodate many viewers.

The height of the outer wall is 52 meters, the outer wall consisted of three levels of 80 arcades and contained 70,000 places: figures that show the grandeur of this monument, a symbol of Rome, now as before.

TO HAVE

The Colosseum is still the largest amphitheater in the world and represents a unique testimony to the skill of building material Romans. It is an entirely visitable seat, events celebrating the history of ancient Rome.

10:46 ص | 0 التعليقات | أكمل قراءة الموضوع

Tourisme en France....Montmartre

A small village became the most charismatic district of Paris

Montmartre is the most exclusive area of ​​Paris and even France. This place has been for a long time a small village located a few kilometers from Paris. This village was characterized by its many mills that were used to grind grain. There are not many remains of this particular past if not the famous Moulin de la Galette or the mill equally famous cabaret: the Moulin Rouge. It was not until 1860 that the area was annexed to Paris Haussmann great builder of the city. Since Montmartre district of Paris is, without a doubt, the most visited in France.

Some mythical places of Montmartre to visit

    The St Peter's Church

This parish is known to be the oldest in Paris. Today, the building that sits in Montmartre is only part of what was the great power and the famous abbey of Paris that was dedicated April 21, 1147, by the Pope. The building has some Romanesque of great beauty. Everything opens on the Place du Tertre, a place dedicated to the beauty of art that pays homage to the glorious past of the parish.

    Place du Tertre

This ancient site is a testimony of the village of Montmartre. There still exists a relaxing atmosphere thanks to the presence of many quaint bars but mostly by artists who are present and exhibit their works. This square represents the main meeting place for villagers when Montmartre was still attached. This friendly character persisted and gives the place its charm that attracts so many people.

    Place Pigalle

Place Pigalle is at the bottom of Montmartre; his name was given to him by a sculptor Jean-Baptiste Pigalle (1714/1785). This mecca of eroticism is now more famous for its theaters and cabarets for its music stores than for its sex shops. But the Place Pigalle always keep this symbol crazy Parisian nights. The most famous building of this place: the famous Red Mill.

    red Mill

The success of this cabaret comes at a time when, in France, people felt a strong need to release between two wars, those of 1870 and the First World War in 1914. This tavern was built in 1889 to become a must exotic and erotic experiences. Many artists found their inspiration in this place whose most famous for his depictions of the place in his paintings: Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec. Aristide Bunting remains one of the great ambassadors of this property even if the dancers of the place made known cabaret in the world. Let us dancers like La Goulue (now an array of Toulouse-Lautrec) or Mogador, originally quadrille dance, dance became the French Cancan. The Moulin Rouge experienced a slump early in the century before being reborn more beautiful and remain still today the symbol discounts Parisian nightlife to date recently by the film Moulin Rouge with Nicole Kidman and Ewan McGregor.

The Lapin Agile

It is said that this institution is the oldest cabarets of France; it certainly remains one of the friendly Montmartre. This wacky name, the cabaret is a painter named André Gill, who designed as teaching a rabbit jumping from a pan. This gave birth to a first name for the cabaret: the "rabbit Gill" which later became the "Lapin Agile". But it is only once resumed by Frédéric Gérard (called "Frede") that notoriety cabaret is built. Indeed, it offers a more artistic direction for his institution will enter from famous artists of all kinds such as Picasso, Caran D'Ache, Apollinaire or Utrillo. The most famous case of this cabaret rest of the painter "Boronali" and his work "The sunset over the Adriatic". This is, in fact, a hoax staged to ridicule the ideas of futurist school (defended by Picasso and Apollinaire, among others). The painter is none other than the ass of Frédé who are caught in a brush tip of the tail, the movement created shapes on a canvas. The work will still be exposed to independent living and sold 400 francs! The cabaret was bought by Aristide Bruant in 1902 and then sold in 1922 to the son of Frédé. This perpetuated the artistic ambitions of the institution that became for some years, the appointment of other major artists and musicians in France as Georges Brassens.

    The Laundromat boat

This name is given in 1889 by Max Jacob in an old building in the Montmartre district. That place is the theater of cultural revolutions is also why attributed to him as the "city of artists". Admittedly, the wash vessel was known since 1880 to be an avant-garde housing the first impressionists. Foreign artists were naturally attracted to this reputation Modigliani and Picasso. Legend has it that he invented cubism in this very unhealthy. In 1970, a fire destroyed the building subsequently rebuilt in concrete.

10:28 ص | 0 التعليقات | أكمل قراءة الموضوع

Tourisme en France....Paris, Champs Elysees

Paris, Champs Elysees

A swamp became a luxurious avenue

The first draft of the Champs Elysées appeared in 1616: Marie de Medici decided to develop in swampy fields a long tree-lined driveway. At that time, the Champs Elysées then were called "Course of the queen." During the 17th century, the landscape of Versailles, Le Nôtre redesigned the Tuileries Gardens by extending the aisle, from the Louvre to the current roundabout of the Champs Elysées. The Sun King, Louis XIV, could admire the sunset in the center of the avenue. In 1709, the central promenade lined with elms was named Champs Elysées: the name refers to the place frequented by the heroes of Greek mythology.

The avenue then became a promenade and festive fashion. In 1724, the Duc d'Antin and the Marquis de Marigny, successive directors of the royal gardens, ended the Champs Elysees route: traffic there was thus improved while increasing the prestige effect. At the end of the 18th century, the Champs yet contained few real estate and commercial properties. In 1828, the avenue became the property of the city of Paris. The Hittorf Alphand and architects were commissioned to develop it. It settled fountains, sidewalks and gas lanterns. The arrival of the first metro line in Paris led to the construction of buildings in the style of the builder Haussmann, welcoming luxury hotels, restaurants, offices, luxury shops and a few houses. The avenue became from that moment the window of the French industrial upgrading, especially with the establishment of the factory of Guerlain perfumes.

The Champs Elysees perspective

The Champs Elysees avenue crosses the 8th arrondissement of Paris, on the northwest axis of 1910 meters in length. Since the Palais du Louvre, you can admire the view offered by this avenue: the Obelisk of the Place de la Concorde to the Arc de Triomphe, then to the defense's Ark, outside Paris. The rows of trees, green spaces, the architecture of 19th-century buildings, light poles, Art Nouveau kiosks, as well as the Morris columns give this avenue a romantic air.

A popular place of entertainment

Since the 1900s, the Champs Elysées is the international showcase of major French retailers. In this majestic and romantic environment, coexist different areas: luxury (luxury boutiques, Guerlain, Vuitton, the fashion houses, the exhibition hall Mercedes ...), culture (cinemas, major retailers multimedia such as FNAC and Virgin Megastore, and theaters), food (great restaurants such as Maxim's and the Fouquet's) and entertainment (Planet Hollywood, the cabaret Lido, nightclubs ... ).

The Champs Elysees is the major axis of the great French events: for example, it is here that take place the national holiday of July 14 and the last stage of the Tour de France cycling. The French love to celebrate the transition to the new year by attending a huge concert of horns. Finally, this incredible place of Paris amaze you day and night, thanks to its luxury and dynamism.

10:16 ص | 0 التعليقات | أكمل قراءة الموضوع

Tourisme en France.....Paris, the Roof of the Grande Arche

Paris, the Roof of the Grande Arche

Located on the axis of the prestigious Paris

The history of this axis starts in the seventeenth century, when Louis XIV asked his first gardener André Le Nôtre, to draw him an axis extending from the Cour Carree of the Louvre and the Tuileries Gardens through to head north-west of Paris, in the direction of Saint Germain en Laye Castle, where kings appreciated the court hunts in hunting in its forests.

In the eighteenth century added two new elements to this axis: the Place de la Concorde under Louis XV (to which we add the famous obelisk in the nineteenth century) and the Champs Elysees under Louis XVI.

Napoleon completed this perfect alignment of two arches: the Arc de Triomphe on the Place de l'Etoile and another more modest size, the Arc du Carrousel, both from 1806.

The construction of the business district of La Defense, outside the limits of Paris, from the late 1950s, drew the scene of the last milestone Axis History: after many projects of all shapes available from the end 1960, the Grande Arche is finally retained in early 1980. This gigantic ark (110 meters high, 112 deep and 108 wide) lets the invisible line initiated by Le Nôtre, is a monumental opening in Paris. Almost perfect alignment ... Spreckelsen desired effect in shifting the Grande Arche 6 ° 33 '' to enhance the volume of the cube and recreate the already existing gap between the Cour Carree of the Louvre and Place de la Concorde.

Technical and human challenge

The design and construction of the Grande Arche at La Défense was a challenge met successfully by a team of 2 000 workers, mates, engineers, and architects. The president sélectionna in 1983 among 423 other projects the Grande Arche of a Danish architect then unknown, Johan Otto Von Spreckelsen. Having built only 3 small churches and his own house before, Spreckelsen associated with the architect of the Aéroports de Paris Paul Andreu, will design a monument to the very sleek hiding a very complex structure.

Hollow cube 300 000 tons based on 12 pillars plunging 30 meters into the ground, the monument has a mega structure designed so that the forces are carried in all directions like a dice, the Grande Arche could rest on any face.

The construction (1984-1989) appealed to many innovative techniques, including the establishment of 30 000 tons roof at a height of 100 meters, which was performed as a bridge starting at every turn.

Johan Otto Von Spreckelsen demanded the highest quality materials for his work: prestressed concrete silica fume, combining strength and flexibility (a density of 350 kg against 120 kg per m3 per m3 for normal bridge), 2.5 ha of anti-glare glass, 3.5 ha of the same type of marble that is used by Michael Angelo to his works: the Carrara marble. Each plate cost the price of a small car.

Despite the death of Johan Otto Von Spreckelsen in 1987, the Grande Arche de la Defense was completed in 1989 for the bicentenary of the French Revolution.

La Grande Arche, a dynamic monument

Inaugurated on the occasion of the summit of the G7 and the bicentenary of the storming of the Bastille July 14, 1989, the Grande Arche joined with pomp and arches of the Carrousel de Triomphe on History Axe. Exactly one hundred years after the inauguration of the Eiffel Tower. The public opening August 26, 1989, for the bicentenary of the Declaration of Human Rights and Citizen makes the operational monument: since the Great Arch, located in the heart of the largest European business center, is a place of life.

La Grande Arche home on a wall the Ministry of Equipment and the other insurance company AXA and Caisse des Dépôts et Consignations, 4 000 people occupying 46,000 m² of office space over 35 floors and two walls. 500,000 visitors take the unique panoramic elevators in the world to admire the Parisian Western views and especially the perfect alignment with the prestigious monuments of the Historical Axis.

Liberty and art are featured on the roof of the Grande Arche where you can admire works of art exhibitions to promote unknown artists. Visitors can then enjoy fine wines and modern cuisine as traditional after their visit in this privileged setting. The roof of the Grande Arche is also a meeting place, which hosts conventions and cocktails in a privileged setting.

10:09 ص | 0 التعليقات | أكمل قراءة الموضوع

Tourisme en France..... Eiffel Tower

The builders of the Eiffel Tower

Gustave Eiffel (1832-1923) was a great French entrepreneur in the field of construction of metal structures. His company was originally a hundred works around the world, such as the skeleton of the Statue of Liberty in New York, the structure of the Annexes department stores of the Louvre (1879), the dome Nice Observatory (1886), the locks of the Panama Canal (1887) and bridges, 3 of which are in China. One of the last works of this "iron magician" was the Eiffel Tower. With the collaboration of engineers Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier, and architect Stephen Sauvestre, construction began on 1 July 1887, he took their 5 months to build the foundations and 21 months for the assembly of metal parts. The assembly of the tower necessitated 300 workers.

structure

Aged more than a century, the Eiffel Tower is a fine example of modern structure, built after the French industrial revolution. Indeed, its structure was very innovative for the time: Gustave Eiffel was replaced by cast 18 038 lighter and more resistant metal parts, assembled by 1.5 million rivets. The Eiffel Tower is very light: it carries on its concrete foundations, only a pressure of 4.5 Kg / cm2. Its total weight is 10 000 tons, 7300 tons for the steelwork. The pillars, placed at the four cardinal points form a square of 125 meters on each side. 1665 steps take you to the summit, 310 meters high. With its antenna, it measures 324 meters, the second floor is 149 meters and the first 91 meters. At its construction, the Eiffel Tower was the tallest building in the world.

maintenance

La Grande Dame has always been maintained to preserve its splendor and security of our visitors. The structure and elevators are regularly revised. It is protected from oxidation by painting layers. Since its inception, it has been repainted 17 times, and has had several colors: it went from red to yellow to bronze (current color). The last coat of paint, asked in 2001, required 60 tons of paint and a year of achievement. At night, she dresses in a light dress: she was a diamond in 2003, red in 2004, on the occasion of Chinese New Year, and now, golden.

its functions

The Eiffel Tower was to be destroyed 20 years after its construction, therefore, Gustave Eiffel had to find a use for his work to save her. Fascinated by scientific research, he set up a laboratory to study meteorology, radiotelegraphy, and aerodynamics. He even registers on the four facades of the Eiffel Tower 72 names of scholars.

His fame

From the beginning of its construction, the Eiffel Tower was a popular success. It has inspired great painters such as Seurat and Delaunay, filmmakers, photographers, and poets. Symbol of modernity in the early 20th century, and today the symbol of Paris, it is the most visited monument in France. The first year of opening, it attracted 2 million visitors, and to date, more than 200 million. Victim of its success, it has been reproduced thousands of times in scale models, photographs, ... She has even been copied in Lyon (France), Shenzhen, Tokyo and Berlin (Germany).

During your visit to the Eiffel Tower, do not forget to go to the elevator machinery in the basement, shops, shows and restaurants on the 1st floor, as well as 2nd and top floors to admire the stunning views of Paris. It seems that even very clear day you can see up to 90 km around Paris.

9:59 ص | 0 التعليقات | أكمل قراءة الموضوع

Tourisme en France.....The Arch of Triumph

The builders of the Arc de Triomphe

In 1806, Napoleon 1st (Bonaparte) ordered a monument to symbolize the victory of the Imperial Army during the Battle of Austerlitz. The shape of this building, in Arc de Triomphe, also had to translate Napoleon's military genius. The latter entrusted the construction of Architects (Chalgrin, Joust, and Blount) and sculptors (Cortot, Rude, Alex, and Pradier). The work was interrupted by the fall of the Empire and the restoration of the French monarchy, to use in 1825. Finally, it was Louis-Philippe (Louis XVIII) who inaugurated the Arc de Triomphe, July 30, 1836.

Its architectural composition

Measuring 50 meters high, 45 meters wide and 22 meters thick, the Arc de Triomphe stands out for its size and majestic architecture, inspired by the ancient stone buildings. It consists of three arches, whose vaults are decorated with 111 boxes, the plant forms. The four pillars of the Arc are covered with sculptures:

Two high reliefs face the Champs Elysées: "La Marseillaise", or "Departure of the Volunteers" (1792 - François Rude) represents a garlicky woman named Liberty, followed by cheerful soldiers going into battle. "The Triumph of Napoleon" (1810 - Jean-Pierre Cortot) shows, meanwhile, the victorious emperor.

Two other high-reliefs, sculpted by Antoine Etex, facing the Avenue of the Grand Army: "The Republic" (or "Resistance") and "Peace".

Above the high reliefs, six bas-reliefs recount the battle of Austerlitz, the funeral of Marceau, the taking of Alexandria, the Battle of Jemmapes, crossing the bridge of Arcola and the Battle of Aboukir.

On the outer sides of the pillars, are also the names of the great battles of Napoleon Bonaparte and those of the French revolutionaries.

Inside, engraved with the names of 600 Heroes of the Empire.

 A symbolic monument

Over the years, the Arch of Triumph, formerly the symbol of the Napoleonic Army, became the symbol of French patriotism. He took the memorial building function, as it has witnessed great historical events: Here are the most important.

On 15, December 1840, the procession of the transfer of Napoleon's ashes passed under the Arc de Triomphe.

The body of Victor Hugo, the famous French writer, was ensured May 22, 1885, under the Arc, and was buried in the Pantheon.

On 14 July 1919, the French troops of the First World War celebrated their victory by passing beneath the Arc. This date became that of the French National Day.

November 11, 1920, the body of an unknown soldier, a victim of the First World War, was buried under the Arc de Triomphe. In 1923, a flame was placed next to his grave, to the memory of the French soldiers died for their country. The latter is rekindled every day at 18:30. (November 11 is Remembrance Day, celebrating the Armistice: the return to France of Alsace and Loraine by Germany in 1918). Each year, the Arc de Triomphe is also the starting point for ceremonies and national celebrations.

In addition to knowledge of French history, the Arc de Triomphe will offer you the best rooftop views to admire Planning Paris, characterized Haussmann style.

9:49 ص | 0 التعليقات | أكمل قراءة الموضوع

Tourism in Egypt.... a booming industry

Egypt can be considered a newcomer in the international tourism industry. Yet in a very short time, the country has managed to establish itself as one of the most important tourist destinations with 11 million visitors and 7.3 billion in revenue in 2007 ...

Egypt can be considered a newcomer in the international tourism industry. Yet in a very short time, precisely in less than three decades, the country has managed to establish itself as one of the most important tourist destinations. Thus, Egypt rose 1.4 million tourists and 304 million dollars of income during the 80s, with a workforce of 11 million visitors and revenues of 7.3 billion dollars in 2007, according to figures from National mobilization and statistics Organization. And it is still far from an investing 100% of versatile tourist potential of the country. The party is just beginning.

With the development of the heritage of ancient Egypt, the country has demonstrated a tourist profile. This cultural tourism was developing in parallel with another kind of leisure tourism, meeting the needs of an Arab customer who opted instead for nightlife and entertainment. With the rapid development in the tourism world and the emergence of other tourist types, the political decision was determined to invest heavily in this industry, source of foreign currency.

Tourism in Egypt then saw dramatic growth in the last thirty years. Ensuring good infrastructure (airports, hotels, and resorts) and the diversity of the offer (cultural tourism, beach, or leisure) have increased the number of visitors. International hotel brands, trying one after another presence in Egypt, to meet growing demand for their clients.

Paradoxically, the country was the target of several terrorist attacks, aimed at the first place tourists. According to the website "Geotourism," 311 people were killed during these murderous attacks between l990 and 2006. Egypt has recovered the impact of these incidents, and strangely a month after the attacks in Sharm El Sheik, in 2005 the number of tourists recorded an unprecedented increase! "Travelers have become more resistant to the fear of an attack, as can happen n 'anywhere. "Says a report by the World Tourism Organization.

Currently, Egypt seeks new horizons with new types of tourism, which will go hand in hand with mass tourism. Indeed, business travel management, an organization of conferences and events, ecotourism oasis, and therapeutic spa tourism, prove much promising, provided to ensure good quality of service and personal well trained

9:29 ص | 0 التعليقات | أكمل قراءة الموضوع